课程进度 68% · 第8/11章第8/11章 · 标签 1/2
— 1 —
try-except 语句
python
1
# 基本 try-except
2
try:
3
num = int(input("请输入数字: "))
4
result = 10 / num
5
print(f"结果是: {result}")
6
except ValueError:
7
print("输入的不是有效数字")
8
except ZeroDivisionError:
9
print("不能除以零")
10
except Exception as e:
11
print(f"发生未知错误: {e}")
12
13
# try-except-else-finally
14
try:
15
file = open("example.txt", "r")
16
content = file.read()
17
except FileNotFoundError:
18
print("文件不存在")
19
else:
20
print("文件读取成功")
21
print(content)
22
finally:
23
print("无论如何都会执行")
24
if 'file' in locals():
25
file.close()
— 2 —
常见异常类型
python
1
# 常见的内置异常
2
# ValueError: 值错误
3
int("abc") # ValueError
4
5
# TypeError: 类型错误
6
"hello" + 5 # TypeError
7
8
# IndexError: 索引错误
9
lst = [1, 2, 3]
10
lst[10] # IndexError
11
12
# KeyError: 键错误
13
d = {"a": 1}
14
d["b"] # KeyError
15
16
# AttributeError: 属性错误
17
None.strip() # AttributeError
18
19
# ImportError: 导入错误
20
import nonexistent_module # ImportError
21
22
# 捕获多个异常
23
try:
24
x = int("abc")
25
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
26
print(f"值或类型错误: {e}")
27
28
# 获取异常信息
29
try:
30
1 / 0
31
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
32
print(f"错误类型: {type(e).__name__}")
33
print(f"错误信息: {str(e)}")