课程进度 50% · 第6/11章第6/11章 · 标签 1/2
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文件基本操作
Python 使用内置的 open() 函数进行文件操作。
python
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# 打开并读取文件
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file = open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
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content = file.read()
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file.close()
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# 使用 with 语句（自动关闭）
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with open("example.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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content = f.read()
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print(content)
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# 逐行读取
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with open("example.txt", "r") as f:
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for line in f:
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print(line.strip())
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# 读取所有行到列表
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with open("example.txt", "r") as f:
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lines = f.readlines()
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# 写入文件
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with open("output.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write("第一行\n")
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f.write("第二行\n")
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# 追加写入
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with open("output.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write("追加的内容\n")
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文件模式与编码
python
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# 文件打开模式
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# "r" - 读取（默认）
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# "w" - 写入（覆盖）
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# "a" - 追加
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# "x" - 独占创建（文件不存在时）
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# "b" - 二进制模式
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# "+" - 读写模式
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# 二进制文件操作
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with open("image.jpg", "rb") as f:
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data = f.read()
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with open("copy.jpg", "wb") as f:
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f.write(data)
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# 文件指针操作
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with open("example.txt", "r") as f:
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print(f.tell()) # 当前位置: 0
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content = f.read(5)
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print(f.tell()) # 当前位置: 5
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f.seek(0) # 回到文件开头
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# 处理编码
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with open("file.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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content = f.read()