课程进度 85% · 第10/11章第10/11章 · 标签 1/3
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pip 包管理
pip 是 Python 的官方包管理工具，用于安装、管理和卸载第三方库。
bash
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# 安装包
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pip install requests
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pip install requests==2.28.0 # 指定版本
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pip install requests>=2.28.0
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# 查看已安装
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pip list
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pip show requests
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# 卸载
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pip uninstall requests
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# requirements.txt
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pip freeze > requirements.txt
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 常用源
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pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pkg
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# 虚拟环境
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python -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate # Mac/Linux
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venv\Scripts\activate # Windows
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requests 与网络请求
python
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import requests
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# GET 请求
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response = requests.get(
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"https://api.github.com",
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params={"q": "python"},
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headers={"Accept": "application/json"}
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)
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print(response.status_code) # 200
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print(response.json()) # JSON 数据
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# POST 请求
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data = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
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response = requests.post(
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"https://httpbin.org/post",
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json=data
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)
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# 处理响应
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response.raise_for_status() # 检查错误
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print(response.text) # 文本
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print(response.elapsed) # 耗时
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# 会话管理
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with requests.Session() as session:
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session.auth = ("user", "pass")
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response = session.get("https://api.example.com")